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Debian

Productivity

Coding

Video and graphics

System and file repair

  • sudo fsck -f /dev/sdXN
  • sudo apt --fix-broken install
  • sudo dpkg --configure -a
  • sudo kill -9 $(pgrep program)

fsck must run on an unmounted partition, never on the active root filesystem while the system is running.

Network and connectivity

  • sudo resolvectl flush-caches
  • sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager
  • ping google.com

System information

  • hostnamectl
  • sudo dmidecode -s system-serial-number

Advanced tools

  • sudo apt autoremove && sudo apt clean
  • sudo reboot

Application administration

Clear terminal history

  • cat /dev/null > ~/.bash_history && history -c && exit

Clear APT and Flatpak caches

  • flatpak uninstall --unused
  • flatpak repair
  • flatpak update --appstream
  • flatpak pin --remove <runtime-id>
  • flatpak pin
  • sudo apt clean
  • sudo rm -rf /var/cache/apt/archives/*
  • sudo apt update
  • sudo apt upgrade
  • sudo apt full-upgrade
  • flatpak update -y

Firewall

Debian uses ufw (Uncomplicated Firewall) as a simple front end for iptables.

  • sudo ufw status
  • sudo ufw enable
  • sudo ufw allow 22/tcp
  • sudo ufw reload

Copying files via terminal

  • cp file.txt ~/Backup/
  • rsync -av Source/ Destination/
  • scp file.txt user@host:/path/

Disk usage and storage

  • df -h for total and free space per filesystem
  • du -sh * to see folder sizes in the current directory

Scheduled tasks

  • crontab -e for traditional cron-style scheduling
  • systemctl list-timers to view active systemd timers

Compression and archiving

  • zip -r archive.zip folder/ and unzip archive.zip
  • tar -czvf archive.tar.gz folder/ and tar -xzvf archive.tar.gz

History

  • 1993

    On 16 August, Ian Murdock announces the Debian Project, naming it by combining his own name with that of his then-girlfriend (later wife) Debra: "Deb" + "Ian".

  • 1994

    Debian 0.91 ships with a primitive package manager, an early step toward what becomes dpkg.

  • 1996

    Bruce Perens succeeds Murdock as project leader. Debian 1.1 "Buzz" becomes the first release with a Toy Story codename, a tradition started because Perens worked at Pixar.

  • 1997

    The Debian Social Contract and the Debian Free Software Guidelines (DFSG), written by Perens, are ratified on 5 July; the DFSG later becomes the basis for the Open Source Definition.

  • 1999

    APT (Advanced Package Tool) ships with Debian 2.1 "slink", replacing older tools and becoming the model many later package managers follow.

  • 2004

    Ubuntu is founded on top of Debian's package base.

  • Today

    Debian remains one of the oldest community-run Linux distributions, maintained entirely by volunteers, with releases still codenamed after Toy Story characters.